American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 143, No. 9: 918-928
Copyright © 1996 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
research-article |
Relation of Breast Cancer with Passive and Active Exposure to Tobacco Smoke
ra KhatchatrianDivision d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôpital Cantortal Universitaire 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
Reprint requests to Dr. Alfredo Morabia, Clinical Epidemiology Division, University Hospital (HUG), 25 rue Micheli-du-Crest CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
Studies on passive smoking have consistently shown a tendency toward an increased risk of breast cancer, while studies on active smoking have failed to demonstrate an association. This apparent contradiction may stem from not separating passive smokers from the unexposed when assessing the effect of active smoking. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Geneva, Switzerland, between January 1992 and October 1993 to determine the relation of passive and active smoking to breast cancer when the referent unexposed category consisted of women unexposed to active and passive smoke. The 244 patients with breast cancer (cases) were compared with 1,032 women free of breast cancer (controls). The lifetime history of active and passive smoking was recorded year by year, between the age of 10 years and the date of the interview. The adjusted odds ratios of breast cancer for ever active smokers, compared with women unexposed to either passive or active smoke, were 2.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–4.4) for an average lifetime consumption of 1–9 cigarettes per day, 2.7 (95% CI 1.4–5.4) for 10–19 cigarettes per day, and 4.6 (95% CI 2.2–9.7) for 20 or more cigarettes per day. Among passive smokers, the adjusted odds ratio was 3.2 (95% CI 1.6–6.3) for being exposed for the equivalent of 2 hours per day for 25 years. The odds ratios were adjusted for known or postulated risk factors of breast cancer, including alcohol and saturated fat intake. There was no evidence of strong selection, detection, or recall biases. Active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke may increase the risk of breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to decide whether the association is causal. Further elucidation of this relation would benefit not only the prevention of breast cancer but also the prevention of other smoking-related diseases in women. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:918–28.
breast neoplasms; environmental pollution; smoking; tobacco smoke pollution
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K C Johnson, J M Samet, and S A Glantz A Judson Wells, PhD (1917-2008): a pioneer in secondhand smoke research Tob. Control, August 1, 2008; 17(4): e5 - e5. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Pirie, V. Beral, R. Peto, A. Roddam, G. Reeves, J. Green, and for the Million Women Study Collaborators Passive smoking and breast cancer in never smokers: prospective study and meta-analysis Int. J. Epidemiol., June 10, 2008; (2008) dyn110v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. Mechanic, R. C. Millikan, J. Player, A. R. de Cotret, S. Winkel, K. Worley, K. Heard, K. Heard, C.-K. Tse, and T. Keku Polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair genes, smoking and breast cancer in African Americans and whites: a population-based case-control study Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2006; 27(7): 1377 - 1385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. F. Masson, L. Sharp, S. C. Cotton, and J. Little Cytochrome P-450 1A1 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Breast Cancer: A HuGE Review Am. J. Epidemiol., May 15, 2005; 161(10): 901 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. C. Johnson Re: Active Smoking, Household Passive Smoking, and Breast Cancer: Evidence From the California Teachers Study J Natl Cancer Inst, July 7, 2004; 96(13): 1041 - 1042. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. K. Al-Delaimy, E. Cho, W. Y. Chen, G. Colditz, and W. C. Willet A Prospective Study of Smoking and Risk of Breast Cancer in Young Adult Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2004; 13(3): 398 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Reynolds, S. Hurley, D. E. Goldberg, H. Anton-Culver, L. Bernstein, D. Deapen, P. L. Horn-Ross, D. Peel, R. Pinder, R. K. Ross, et al. Active Smoking, Household Passive Smoking, and Breast Cancer: Evidence From the California Teachers Study J Natl Cancer Inst, January 7, 2004; 96(1): 29 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Selvin and K. M. Brett Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening: Sociodemographic Predictors Among White, Black, and Hispanic Women Am J Public Health, April 1, 2003; 93(4): 618 - 623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. D. Terry and T. E. Rohan Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women: A Review of the Literature Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2002; 11(10): 953 - 971. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kropp and J. Chang-Claude Active and Passive Smoking and Risk of Breast Cancer by Age 50 Years among German Women Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2002; 156(7): 616 - 626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Furberg, R. C. Millikan, J. Geradts, M. D. Gammon, L. G. Dressler, C. B. Ambrosone, and B. Newman Environmental Factors in Relation to Breast Cancer Characterized by p53 Protein Expression Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2002; 11(9): 829 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chang-Claude, S. Kropp, B. Jager, H. Bartsch, and A. Risch Differential Effect of NAT2 on the Association between Active and Passive Smoke Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2002; 11(8): 698 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Conway, S. N. Edmiston, L. Cui, S. S. Drouin, J. Pang, M. He, C.-K. Tse, J. Geradts, L. Dressler, E. T. Liu, et al. Prevalence and Spectrum of p53 Mutations Associated with Smoking in Breast Cancer Cancer Res., April 1, 2002; 62(7): 1987 - 1995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Firozi, M. L. Bondy, A. A. Sahin, P. Chang, F. Lukmanji, E. S. Singletary, M. M. Hassan, and D. Li Aromatic DNA adducts and polymorphisms of CYP1A1, NAT2, and GSTM1 in breast cancer Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2002; 23(2): 301 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Morabia, M. C. Costanza, M. S. Bernstein, and J.-C. Rielle Ages at Initiation of Cigarette Smoking and Quit Attempts Among Women: A Generation Effect Am J Public Health, January 1, 2002; 92(1): 71 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Murabito, J. C. Evans, M. G. Larson, B. E. Kreger, G. L. Splansky, K. M. Freund, M. A. Moskowitz, and P. W. F. Wilson Family Breast Cancer History and Mammography: Framingham Offspring Study Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2001; 154(10): 916 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Nelson The miseries of passive smoiong Human and Experimental Toxicology, February 1, 2001; 20(2): 61 - 83. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Wartenberg, E. E. Calle, M. J. Thun, C. W. Heath Jr., C. Lally, and T. Woodruff Passive Smoking Exposure and Female Breast Cancer Mortality J Natl Cancer Inst, October 18, 2000; 92(20): 1666 - 1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M P. Madigan, R. Troisi, N. Potischman, D. Brogan, M. D Gammon, K. E Malone, and L. A Brinton Characteristics of respondents and non-respondents from a case-control study of breast cancer in younger women Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2000; 29(5): 793 - 798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Morabia, M. S. Bernstein, I. Bouchardy, J. Kurtz, and M. A. Morris Breast Cancer and Active and Passive Smoking: The Role of the N-Acetyltransferase 2 Genotype Am. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2000; 152(3): 226 - 232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. P. Perera Molecular Epidemiology: On the Path to Prevention? J Natl Cancer Inst, April 19, 2000; 92(8): 602 - 612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. D. Swanson, K. W.E. Denson, A. J. Wells, K. Jamrozik, G. A. Colditz, V. Fuster, P. Greenland, K. Liu, M. Rabinoff, J. He, et al. Passive Smoking and Coronary Heart Disease N. Engl. J. Med., August 26, 1999; 341(9): 697 - 700. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Zheng, A. C. Deitz, D. R. Campbell, W.-Q. Wen, J. R. Cerhan, T. A. Sellers, A. R. Folsom, and D. W. Hein N-Acetyltransferase 1 Genetic Polymorphism, Cigarette Smoking, Well-Done Meat Intake, and Breast Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 1999; 8(3): 233 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|