American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 149, No. 12: 1104-1112
Copyright © 1999 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health
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The Women's Health Trial Feasibility Study in Minority Populations: Changes in Dietary Intakes
1Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Atlanta, GA
2Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA
3Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine Birmingham, AL
4Department of Medicine, Emory University Atlanta, GA
5Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miami, FL
6Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Emory University Atlanta, GA
7National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Bethesda, MD
8National Cancer Institute Rockville, MD
Reprint requests to Dr. Ralph J. Coates, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS K-55, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341.
This randomized clinical trial examined the feasibility of low-fat dietary interventions among postmenopausal women of diverse backgrounds. During 1992–1994, 2, 208 women aged 50–79 years, 28% of whom were black and 16% Hispanic, enrolled at clinics in Atlanta, Georgia, Birmingham, Alabama, and Miami, Florida. Intervention/support groups met periodically with a nutritionist to reduce fat intake to 20% of energy and to make other diet modifications. At 6 months postrandomization, the intervention group reduced fat intake from 39.7% of energy at baseline to 26.4%, a reduction of 13.3% of energy, compared with 2.3% among controls. Saturated fatty acid and cholesterol intakes were reduced, but intakes of fruits and vegetables, but not grain products, increased. Similar effects were observed at 12 and 18 months. Black and non-Hispanic white women had similar levels of reduction in fat, but the decrease in Hispanic women was less. Changes did not vary significantly by education. While bias in self-reported intakes may have resulted in somewhat overestimated changes in fat intake, the reported reduction was similar to the approximately 10% of energy decrease found in most trials and suggests that large changes in fat consumption can be attained in diverse study populations and in many subgroups. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149:1104–12.
blacks; clinical trials; diet; dietary fats; health education; Hispanic Americans; nutrition
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